How to use pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements in CSS

What to know about pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements in CSS

Pseudo-classes and elements let you style states and decorative details without extra markup. This chapter explains the concept, demonstrates a practical example, and gives you a guided exercise.

How to use pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements in CSS

Write a rule with a clear selector and declarations, then inspect the cascade in browser developer tools. Prefer reusable classes, responsive units, and visible focus styles.

Example: pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements in CSS

Use this example as a starting point. Identify the part that controls the result, then adapt it to your own page or project.

a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.card::before { content: "New"; }

Common questions about pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements

When should I use pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements?

Use this technique when it expresses the structure, styling, or behavior your page needs. Keep the implementation focused and test it with the surrounding content.

What should I practice next?

Style a responsive card with readable type, consistent spacing, a clear focus state, and a layout that adapts to a narrow screen.